ABSTRACT
Background: In premedication, sedative premedication isgenerally directed before surgery. Premedication is theorganization of medication before anaesthesia. It is utilized toset up the patient for anaesthesia and to help give idealconditions to surgery. From numerous drugs midazolam hasbeen utilized broadly worldwide for pharmacologicalpremedication.Objective: The main goal of this study is to scrutinise theeffect of midazolam after premedication to reduce anxietyamong patients.Methods: The inclusion criteria of the study are the patientsunder 8 years of age scheduled for elective surgery ordiagnostic procedures requiring anaesthesia, and patients whoprescribed anxiolytic premedication with midazolam by theanaesthesiologist. At a local hospital named 250 Bed (MedicalCollege) Hospital located in Patuakhali, Bangladesh, aprospective descriptive observational study was conductedwith 100 paediatric patients scheduled for surgical ordiagnostic procedures needful of anaesthesia techniques. Thestudy duration was almost two years from the October 2016 toOctober 2018.Results: After numerous information and examinationinvestigation it was discovered that midazolam is exceptionallyviable drug for premedication with no symptom.
ABSTRACT
Background: One of the general cause of Paraplegia isDorsal-lumbar spine injury where damage to the dorsal- lumbarspinal cord that causes temporary or permanent changes in itsfunction.Objective: The aim of our study is to evaluate themanagement of traumatic unstable Dorsal-lumbar spineinjuries with transpedicular screw and rod fixation.Method: This observational descriptive study was conductedat tertiary care hospital from January 2014 to January 2017where 59 cases was observed and clinically Patients weregraded using Frankel classification of neurological deficits preand postoperatively.Results: In this result injury where most of the patients face fallof height and D12 vertebra was fractured in 20 cases. AlsoMajority of the patients belonged to frankel grade A (71.18%)Conclusion: After much analysis we can conclude thatthis rapid surgical management is safe and helps in earlymobilization and rehabilitation, thus facilitating possibleneurological recovery and achieving an betterment of life.
ABSTRACT
Aims: Bordetella bronchiseptica is an etiologic agent of bronchopneumonia and progressive atrophic rhinitis (PAR) in swine. Both toxigenic and nontoxigenic B. bronchiseptica strains have been associated with bronchopneumonia. Monitoring and investigation of outbreaks involving these bacteria require sensitive and accurate identification and reliable determination of the isolates. In the present study, we report the development, optimization and performance characteristics of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for B. bronchiseptica strains. Methodology and Results: A total of 47 isolates of B. bronchiseptica were biochemically identified from 90 pigs suffering from bronchopneumonia maintained in a semi intensive rearing system of organized piggery in Meghalaya. PCR was employed with filamentous hemagglutinin toxin genes (fhaB and fhaC) and fimbrial toxin genes (fim2 and fim3) primers to identify the specific toxin types of B. bronchiseptica. All the 47 isolates were positive for all the toxin genes. The specifity of designed primer pairs was tested by screening some common bacterial species related to the respiratory tract namely, Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. No DNA amplifications of the organisms tested could be seen in the specificity test. Amplicon mobility in agarose gels indicate the amplicons are highly stable. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The data presented, establish this PCR as a reliable method for identification and study of adhesins of B. bronchiseptica that may greatly simplify investigations of swine bronchopneumonia and PAR for Indian isolates.
ABSTRACT
To highlight yield of rigid bronchoscopy in cases of suspected foreign body [FB] tracheobronchial tree [TBT] in children. This is a prospective analytical study of 78 cases, conducted in the E.N.T-Head and Neck Surgery department of Post Graduate Medical Institute [PGMI], Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar during six years i.e. from April 2000 to March 2006. All patient underwent rigid bronchoscopy for removal of suspected inhaled foreign body [FB] from tracheobronchial tree. Cases included were of paediatric age group [12 years and below] and of either sex. Out of total 78 cases 42 were male and 36 were female with male to female ratio of 1. 7:1. All patients were of paediatric age group [12 years and below]. The eldest patient was of 12 years and the youngest was two months of age. Most of the patients [47%] were referred from paediatric units of this hospital. Twelve cases [15%] were referred from other hospitals. Nineteen [24%] cases were referred through casualty while another 10 patients [13%] came directly through OPD. Twenty three patients [29%] were Afghani nationals. All 78[100%] cases underwent rigid bronchoscopy on the basis of suspicion of inhalation of FB. In [13%] cases history of inhalation of FB was obtained retrospectively after successful procedure. In the remaining 77% cases it was the failure to respond to medical treatment that lead to referral for the procedure. In 62% cases FB was recovered on bronchoscopy while in 38% cases no FB was found. Other pathologies were recorded in 18% cases while 20% cases bronchoscopy yielded no FR or other pathology: Right main bronchus was the most common site where FB was lodged [42% cases] followed by left main bronchus [28% cases], smaller bronchiole on right side [18% cases] and smaller bronchiole on left side [12% cases]. No FB was found in trachea or subglottic area. 75 patients [96%] had complete removal of FBs with first intervention. Only 3 [4%] cases a second attempt was required. One [1.3%] mortality occurred in the study. Over all complication rate recorded was 7%. It was included that index of suspicion should be kept very high in all cases presenting with respiratory symptoms not responding to medical treatment or those with recurrence of symptoms. All such patients should undergo rigid bronchoscopy